Starting device for explosive-engines.



F. REYNOLDS. STARTING DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1904. 1,01 6,522, Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

F. REYNOLDS.

STARTING DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1904.

Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2f F. REYNOLDS. STARTING DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1904. 1,016,522, Z Patented Feb. 6,1912.

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-Z 52, g I J! i I I I 0 I I I l I l s I I I a i I Z 1/ Z I [53} [Z4 1. JI I j I i I r I, 9 0 4 [if 3 w I )1 J J L 6 J1 F. REYNOLDS. STARTINGDEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED Nov 9, 1904. 1,016,522. Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

FRANK REYNOLDS, OF SYRAC U$E, NEW YORK.

STARTING DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE-ENGINES.

. Application filed November 9, 1904. Serial No. 231,971.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 6, i912.

. all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FRANK REYNOLDS, of

. Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Starting Devices forExplosive-Engines, of which the, folloW-. ing, taken in connection Withthe accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention pertains to ex losiveengines and relates moreparticularly to that type of engine having a reciprocating piston, andit resides in a novel device for easily and conveniently starting theengine and which may be applied to an engine having one or morecylinders, and it is designed for both two-cycle and four-cycle engineshaving either upright cylinders or horizontally opposed cylinders.

The main object of the present invention is to produce a startingdevicewhich may be readily combined with any well known engine of theaforesaid types, and which shall be simple and compact in construction,very efficient in its operation and at the same time can be easily andconveniently operated.

To this end the invention consists in the novel arrangement, andconstruction of the component parts of the starting-device ashereinafter fully described and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1, is partly a plan view and partlya longitudinal section of a so-called opposed-cylinder explosive-engineequipped with my improved starting dev1ce, Fig. 21s a lionzontal sectiontaken on the I dot-ted line .-XX- in Fig. 1, Fig. 3- is an enlargeddetail front view of the cam-mechanism and the rack-and-pinion mechanismwhich control the action of the valve-operating means of the startingdevice, Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line -Y--Y in Fig. 3, Fig. 5is an end view of a single-cylinder engine equipped with-my invention,Fig. 6 is partly a side-view and partly a longitudinal section of thelatter engine, Fig. 7- is a vertical secvtionon line -ZZ- in Fig. 6,Fig-.8 is

an enlarged longitudinal section through the crank-case of the singlecylinder engine, Fig. 9 is' an enlarged detail view showing the rodprovided with the inlet-port and relief-passage and the means ofoscillating the rod, Figs. 10 and 10 are further enlarged transversesections of the rod taken through the said port and passagerespectively, Fig. 1.1 is detail side view of the mutilated usualcarburetor which are disposed horizontally and out of line and areunited by a divided case B which may be supported in any suitable andWell known manner. Each of said cylinders isprovided with an exteriorchamber C which maybe formed integral therewith and is preferablydisposed atone side of the cylinder. These chambers communicate with thecylinders by means of passages .a-a and. are provided with inlet-portsb--b for admitting the explosive mixture v supplied by pipes .0 cleading, from the (not necessary to be shown), which ports are providedwith the opened by suction produced by the inward thrusts of the pistonsin the well known manner and are closed automatically bythe usualspiral. springs ee. -D- denotes the main shaft provided with the wellknown cranks ff to which are connected the usual rods gg of thereciprocating pistons EE- disposed in the cylinders AA, and G denotesthe usual balance -wheel secured to the said crank-shaft. The shaft -Disjournaled in the case -B+- in the .well known manner and securedthereto adjacent to the case are pinions h /z' which mesh with gearsz'-z'- secured to shafts jj suitably journaled on the caseandprotrudingat the exterior thereof. To these shafts -j-j are secured cams-lc7cwhich are arranged to alternately actuate rods Z Z respectively toopen valves mmof the exhaust-ports 4z-m disposed in the aforesaidchambers --CC-, which Valves are closed automatically by means of spiralsprings --o0- surrounding the rods and moving the-rods in opposition tothe cams in the well known manner. p-pdenote the usual electric-contactswhich are secured to any suitable parts of the engine and to r;'--q'which contacts bear on the usual tuners ---r-/r secured to the shafts iin the well known manner.

These valves are 1 lo which are'a'ttach'ed the primary circuit wires-s-s-. denote the usual electric sparkplugs which are fastened in thecylinders, in the present case they are secured to the chambers CC whichcommunicate with said cylinders, to which plugs arefastened theusualsecondary-circuit wires -z' z'*.

The described parts are common to all explosive-engines and for thatreason a further description of the same is unneces' sary. Irwilltherefore proceed -to describe my improved starting-device as applied tothe two-cylinder engine shown.

H- -is a supplemental shaft which is suitably.journaled on thecrank-case --B and is oscillated for the purpose hereinafter explained.To said shaft -H is secured a sprocket wheel twhich is connected by theusual chain uto a sprocket-wheel osecured to another shaft w which maybe supported in any suitablemanner To the latter shaft is'secured ahand-lever -w-, which may be arranged in any convenient position to beoperated by the person in charge of the engine.

This lever serves to oscillate the shaft -'w whereby like movement isimparted to-the aforesaid shaft --H-. To the shaft H is secured a smallmutilated gear 3 which is arranged to mesh with a larger mutilated gearz secured to the crank-shaft D. The said lever is so limited in itsmovement as to cause the mutilated portion of the g "Z to be serited tothe other gear z when the lever is in its normal position therebypermitting free and uninterrupted rotation of the shaft D during therunning of the engine. When the engine is at rest and it is desired tostart the same, the lever is actuated whereby the small gear is causedto engage the larger one.

The engagement of the rotated gear 2 with the gear 2- imparts motion tothe crank-shaft D, whereby the pistons are moved. These gears are ofsuch relative sizes and deprived of a sufiicient number of teeth as tocause them to become automatically disengaged when one of the pistonshas reached substantially, its outermost position, so as to leave thesame in said position, said piston being the one which was next to havebeen in the powerstroke or cycle when the engine came to rest. It willbe understood that the moveaforesaid automatic disengagement of thegears zand -y, the latter is permitted to berotated in reversedirection.

gear and is set in a socket 1- in which I is disposed a spiral spring 2bearing on the tooth, this spring al ows the tooth to yield slightly toprevent the same from riding on a tooth of the large gear, therebyinsuring a mesh of the two gears.

-I- representsa reservoir in whlch is stored explosive-mixture undercompression. This compression may be effected by any suitable and wellknown means. (Not necessary to be shown.) Froni said reservoir extends apipe -a which is connected by a suitable valveb to branchpipes c c whichlead to the respective cylinders -Al This valve is operated by theaforesaid shaft H, as will be hereinafter more fully described. each ofthe branch-pipes c adjacent to the cylinders is provided a coupling orcase d and through these couplings extend rods +e e which are permittedto be reciprocated longitudinally and to be 0scillated for the purposeshortly explained. Each of these rods is provided with a port f which isarranged to register with the pipe -c toafford communication of thelatter with the adjacent cylinder. This port is normally at right anglesto the pipe and constitutes an inlet-valve for supplying the cylinderwith the mixture. Each rod is also provided with a longitudinal channelor groove g which is disposed quarter-way around the rod in relation tothe aforesaid port and is in front of the same, as clearly shown inFig. 1. This channel constitutes a relief-passage or valve and normallyfaces the cylinder and communicates therewith. The latter valve servesto permit the escape of any previously admitted mixture which may haveremained in the cylinder when the engine came to rest, and therebyrelieves the piston from pressure and resultant resistance theretoincident to moving the piston to the beginning of its power stroke inthe manner aforesaid. This relief-passage is normally within thecoupling to prevent escape of mixture from the cylinder during therunning 'ofthe .engine and of sufiicient length to extend outside of thecoupling or case --(lwhile in communication with "the cylinder to effectthe escape of the mixturewhen .the rod -.-e is shifted out wardly. Whenthe rod has movedsufiiciently to cut off thiscommunication, it is givena quarter turn to cause the aforesaid port '-*f to register with thepipe -c thus admitting the explosive mixture into lOQ the cylinder fromthe chamber I. The rod e is immediately shifted in inward direction toclose the port .-f and thus the admitted mixture is entrapped in thecylinder. During the'latter movement of the rod the relief-passage ismaintained out of communicaiton with the cylinder to prevent escape ofthe entrapped mixture, and just previous to the completion of thisnrovement said rod is rotated to carry the port and relief-passage totheir normal positions.

While I have shown the valves of only one cylinder, at the same time itwill be understood that those of the other cylinder are identical bothin construction and operation except in a reverse condition andtherefore do not require illustration.

h denotes an annularly toothed. rack which is disposed horizontally andsuitably supported on the engine, and is actuated by a pinion 1} securedto the aforesaid shaft H as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The rack is formedat one end with a sleeve 7' provided with a longitudinal slot k having anotch --Z in one edge adjacent to the outer end, in which sleeve slidesa rod -mprovided at its inner end with a transverse pin -n movable inthe slot -e is supported longitudinally movable atione'end in theaforesaid coupling or case d and at its opposite end in a sleeve grigidly fastened to the crank-case -B of the engine. This latter sleeveis provided with a longitudinal slot -ohaving inclined or oblique endsas indicated at -s .s This rod e is provided with a transverse pin tsliding in the said slot -1' and adapted to engage the ends thereof. Tothe opposite end of the aforesaid rack -iz. is rigidly con nected a rodu -'towhich is rigidly fastened a sleeve v provided with a longitudinalslot w having a notch -w in one edge adjacent to its inner end similarto the other sleeve j. In the said sleeve -o slides the other rod -e--'provided at its inner end with a transverse pin a movable in the slotw and adapted to engage the notch w ported longitudinally movable in theother coupling .or case d and in a sleeve --b rigidly attached to theadjacent cylinder A. This sleeve is provided with a longitudinal slot--c having inclined or oblique ends as indicated at -dd and to the rodis secured a transverse pin -e sliding in said slot and adapted toengage the ends thereof. By moving the aforeted into the cylinder.

finove independent of the rod m This rod is sup said hand-lever -0afromits normal position the shaft -H- is turned in one direction whereby thepinion '.'i then causes the rack h to shift to the right.

In case the pin -n'- is in engagement with the notch Z of theslotted-sleeve -j-, the rod m is carried with the rack and sleeve,whereby the arm 0 is caused to move the rod e in like direction. Thismovement of the said rod causes the outer end relief-pasage 'g in therod to extend outside of the coupling or case d which passage is inconnection with the cylinder, thereby relieving the piston from pressureof any mixture that may have remained in the cylinder, and thuspermitting the piston to be easily moved to the beginning of its powerstroke in the manner aforesaid. I

When the rod -e has been moved a sufficient distance to close thecommunicationbetwen the passage and cylinder, the

rod is automatically turned quarter-way around by the engagement of thepin t with the outer inclined or oblique ends s of the slot, whereby theport f is caused to register with the pipe c and thus the compressedexplosive-mixture is admit- By moving the said hand-lever T-0c to itsnormal position the rack and connected rods are shifted inreversedirection, whereby the said port f is closed to entrap themixture in the cylinder. During the movement of the rod -6 the pin, ttravels in the slot -r whereby the relief-passage is prevented fromcommunicating with the cylinder, and when the said pin engages the otherinclined or oblique end .of the slot the rod is automatically turned inreverse direction .to move the port and passage into their normalpositions. It will be understood that in the notch -Z the rack ispermitted to lVhen this pin is disengaged, the pin -a is in engagementwith the notch -m formed in the slot w of the sleeve o thus byreciprocating the rack as described the other rod e is moved likewiseand'automatically oscillated to carry its inlet-port and relief-passageinto and out of communication with the other cylinder A-. It will beobserved that the mechanisms just desoribedtautomatically control theadmission-valves of the cylinders, thereby determining the cylinderwhose piston is at the beginning of the power-stroke or cycle. The

said pins n a' are caused to engage and disengage their respectivenotches Z --m -'by the oscillation of the rack --h which movement iseffected by means of a pinion f secured to the rod -u and averticallydisposed rack -g engaging said pinion. This rack is secured to avermovement bymeans of rods l --l projecting rigidly from the crank-caseand extending through the end-portions -j j of the-slot 2' as moreclearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings. The plate is actuated bymeans of two pins an -m projecting rigidly from its outer face andarranged to'be alternately engaged by the cam k secured to the shaft -j.To the shaft w of the aforesaid hand-lever w is secured an arm -nconstituting an electric-circuit-maker and breaker.

I -0 0 denote the flexible electric-contacts which are insulated apartand may be supported in any suitable and convenient manner, and to whichare connected the primary electric-circuit wires p -p% of the usualinduction-coil (not necessary to be' shown).- The said arm n is arrangedto press the contact -0'- against'the contact -o when the lever is inits'normal position. When the lever is moved forward the circuit isbroken. Said movement of the lever operates the aforesaidsprocket-wheels -t and -v'- and chain u which actuate the mutilatedgears yj-2 to advance the pistons to the beginning of their inwardstrokes, and also causes the. rack h'' to actuate one of the rods -eto'move its relief-passage and inlet-port into communication with thecylinder in the manner aforesaid.

By the return movement of the hand-lever the arm n* is caused to pressthe contact 0 against the other contact .'--0 thereby closing theprimary circuit and causing a sparking at the plug .-sin the cylinder inthe well known manner. 'It will of course be understood that thecircuitcloser is timed in its movement in relation to that of the rodse-e so as'to eflect the said sparking after the rods have been moved toclose communication between the pipes c ,and the adjacent cylinders. Thepipe a leading from the reservoir .I is preferably provided with asuitable valve -9 operative for shutting off the mixture to relieve thepipes from pressure when the engine is not in use, or to permit theremoval or repair of the pipes when required, and prevent leakage at theports f f In Figs. 5, G, 7*, 8 and 9 of the drawings.

illustrating a single cylinder engine, the cylinder A is disposedvertically and is supported on the crank-case B in which the crank-shaft-'D-- is journaled similar to the described two-cylinder engine. al

represents the main intake-valve and -mthe exhaust valve. These valvesare connected respectively to rods a. Z disposed vertically and passingthrough guides this instance, which is provided with the interport f andrelief-passage -g is disposed vertically, and is actuated by the rack-/z and pinion 'i in the manne v hereinbefore described. To the shaft issecured a supplemental cam e which is adapted to engage the rod Z foropening the valve mto effect the exhaust of the initial explosion. Thisshaft is adapted to be reciprocated and is provided with the gear. -'z'meshing with a' pinion -h secured to the crank-shaft D and to permitthis movement, I provide the pinion with a wide engagin face as clearlyshown in Figs. 6 and'8. Said shaft is shifted manually in one direction.by means of a cam ffformed on or secured to the side of thesprccket-wheel'-t which is turned bythe hand-lever w-, which movementcarries the main cams -c lc out of operative position and simultaneouslycarries the supplemental cam e -int0 said position .as shown in Fig. 6,said sprocket-wheel being fastened to the shaft -H which is providedwith a mutilated gear y adapted to engage a larger gear 2 secured to thecra11k-shaft'-D as aforesaid. This movement of the lever :r'-'primarilycauses the rod e to be moved outward to permit the old mixture to escapefrom the cylinder through therelief-passage or port g, and thence to beautomatically tary movement to the rod e and thereby' closes the port fto entrap the mixture in the cylinder, and also actuates thecircuit-maker and breaker 'n which is timed to effect the sparking atthe plug in the cylinder and resultant ignition of the entrapped mixturesubsequent to the closing of said port f. The ignition drives the pistoninward in the well known manner, whereby the shaft D+, through thepinion hand gear ?L imparts rotary is so arranged as to open theexhaust-valve before the cam-lug ---g on the shaft engages the other lug-h on the crank-case.

When the engine is under motion, the main cams operate again in theusual manner. The sprocket-wheel t-- is provided with another cam f*-which is adapted to engage the end of the shaft -j when .the cam ---f*-has been moved out of contact with the shaft. This cam f*- is employedfor imparting further movement to the shaft and to press the oppositeend of said shaft firmly against the balancewheel G when the piston hascompleted said movement. This engagement of the shaft with-thebalance-wheel serves as a brake for locking the crank-shaft to preventthe inward movement of the piston incident to the expansive-pressure ofthe initial charge of explosive-mixture admitted into the cylinder, andresultant escape of the unexloded-mixture through the exhaust valve.

. he movement of the hand-lever .-w-'- to its normal position causes thecam -f*- to release the balance-wheel from its engage- I -ment with theshaft -j, whereby the cam-lugs -g -h are allowed to shift the shaft toits normal position as aforesaid,

It will be understood that Iv do,not limitv myself to the aforesaidmechanism employed for oscillating the rod -e inasmuch as various othermeans may be used for this purpose. For example, two miter-' gears -g hmay be substituted for the rack -h and pinion 'i secured to the rod -eand supplemental shaft I-I- respectively. This modification isillustrated in Fig. 13 of the drawings. It will be understood, that whenthese mitergears are employed, the rod -e receives only oscillatorymovement and therefore is not provided with a relief-passage or valvefor the escape of old mixture which mightexist in the cylinder. In thisinstance the escape of the mixture is effected by the usualexhaust-valve -m-'connected to the rod Z, said valve being opened by oneof the cams secured to the shaft --j and actuating said rod. This shaftis rotated by the crank-shaft when the latter is turned to move thepiston by. the mechanism hereinbefore described. It will be furtherunderstood that this cam is so timed in its action as to allow thespring 0- to force the rod downward to close said exhaustvalve when thepiston' reaches substantially its outermost position.

I claim- 1. In an engine of the class described, the combination withthe cylinder, piston and igniter, of a manually controlledstartingdevice comprising a reservoir for storing explosive-mixtureunder pressure and connected to the cylinder, a normally closed valveoperative for admitting the explosivemixture into the cylinder,amechanism for moving the piston to a predetermined position andincluding means adapted to throw said mechanism out of connection withthe engine to allow the piston to remain at rest in said position, meansfor opening said valve at will while the piston is at rest, and meanscontrolled by the piston moving mechanism for effecting the ignition ofthe admitted mixture as set forth.

\ 2. In an engine of the class described, the combination with thecylinder, piston and shaft, of a manually controlled startingdevicecomprising mechanism for turning the shaft to move the piston andincluding means adapted to automatically throw said mechanism out ofoperative connection with the shaft when the piston reaches apredetermined position allowing the piston to remain at rest, areservoir for storing fluid under compression, a passage leading fromsaid reservolrto the cylinder and provided w th a normally closed valve,and means actuated by the shaft-turning mechanism for opening said valvewhen said mechanism is thrown out of connection with the shaft, wherebythe fluid is admitted to the cylinder as set forth.

3. In an engine of the class described, the combination with thecylinder, its piston. and exhaust means, of a manually controlledstarting-device comprising a mechanism for moving the piston to apredetermined position, a reservoir for storing fluid under compressionandconnected to the cylinder, a normally closed valve operative foradmitting the fluid into the cylinder, a brake,

and means actuated by the aforesaid mechanism for applying said brake tothe engine duringthe admission of the fluid as and for the purpose setforth.

4. In. an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,igniter and exhaust-means, of: a manually controlled starting-devicecomprising means formovmg the piston to a predetermlned positlon,

a reservoir for storing explosive-mixture under compression, a pipeleading from said reservoir to the cylinder, a normally closed valve insaid pipe, a mechanism operative for opening and closing said valvewhile the pistonis in said position, a brake, means controlled by saidvalve-operating mechanism'for applying the brake to theengine during theoperation of said valve, and

means controlling the aforesaid igniter as set forth.

5. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,igniter and exhaust-means, of a manually operated starting-devicecomprising mechanism normally disconnected from the engine and op'-.

GIfatIVG-fOI' moving the piston outward to a predetermined relief valveduring said a reservolr for storposition, a opened by said mechanismmovement of the piston,

ing explosive-mixture under compression, a-

fromsaid reservoir to the cylpipe leading inder, a valve controlling thedischarge of mixture from the reservoininto the cylinder, means openingthe latter to the positioning of the piston and closing of therelief-valve, and means controlling the igniter, assetforth. 6.-In anexplosive-engine, the combina-- tion with the cylinder, piston,electricsparker therein and exhaust means, of a starting-devicecomprising a mechanism for,

'-moving the pistoiroutward to a .predeterplosive mixture undercompression and concult-maker and breaker controlling mating with thecylinder, a valve controlling the admission of mixture into thecylinder, mechanism for operating said admission valve, an electriccircuit-maker and breaker controlling the igniter, cam-mech-.

anlsm for opening the exhaust valve, and a manually operated lever foractuating said mechanisms and circuit-maker and breaker, as set forth.

' 8. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,and crankshaft, electric sparker and exhaust means, of

amanually controlled starting-device com prising mechanism operative formoving the piston to a predetermined position and adapted to free itselffrom the engine when thepiston reaches said position, a reservoir 'forstoring explosive-mlxture under compresslon and connected to thecylinder, a normally closed valve disposed between the reservoir andcylinder, mechanism for opening and closing said valve, anelectriccirthe aforesaid sparker,

valve subsequent tion with the cylinder, crank-shaft, electric-sparker,intake-valve,

a valve for admit-' andja lever for actuating said mechanisms andcircuit-maker and breaker, as set forth. v

In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,electricsparker,'intake-valve and exhaust-valve and main cams forautomatically opening said valves, ofa manually operated starting-devicecomprising mechanism for. moving the piston to a predetermined position,a reservoir for storing explosive compression and connected to thecylinder, a valve controlling the discharge of mixture from thereservoir, and closing ,said discharge-valve,

asupplemental cam for'o'perat'ing the. exhaust-valve,

mechanism for moving themain cams out of operative position andsimultaneousl mixture ,under mechanism for opening moving thesupplemental cam in said position, an electric circuit-maker and breakerfor controlling the aforesaid igniter and a lever for actuating saidmechanisms and circuit-maker and breaker, as set forth.

10. In an explosive-engine, the combinapiston, exhaust-valve, anauxiliary shaft driven by the crankshaft, -main cams secured to theauxiliary shaft for opening the said valves, of a starting-devicecomprising mechanism for rotating the crank-shaft to move the piston toa predetermined position, a reservoir for storing explosive mixture'under compression and connected to the cylinder, a dischargevalvebetween the reservoir and cylinder, mechanism for opening and closingthe latter valve, a supplemental cam secured to the aforesaid auxiliaryshaft for opening the exhaust-valve, mechanism for shifting the saidshaft longitudinally to simultaneously move the main cams out ofoperative position and the supplemental cam into said position, meansautomatically moving said cam-shaft to its normal circuit-maker andbreaker controlling the sparker, and manually operated means foractuating, said mechanisms and circuitmaker and breaker, as set forth,

1,1. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,crank-shaft, igniter and exhaust-means, of a starting-dev1ce comprisinga suitably supported rotary- .shaft operative .for rotating thecrank-shaft to move the piston to a predetermined position and normallydisconnected from said crank shaft, manually o erated means for rotatingthe. rotary shaft, a reservoir for storing, explosive mixture undercompression and connected to thecylinder, a valve controlling thedischarge of mixture from the reservoir, means actuated by the rotaryshaft for opening, .and closing said discharge-valve, and a manuallyoperated electric circuit-maker and breaker controlling the aforesaidigniter,-as set forth.

'12. In an explosive-engine, the combinaposition, an electriction withthe cylinder, piston, crank-shaft, igniter, and exhaust means, of astartingdevice comprising .a suitably supported rotary shaft, operativefor rotating the crankshaft to move the piston to a predeterminedosition and comprising a pair of gears astened to the respective shaftsand normally out of mesh, a reservoir for storing explosive mixtureunder compression and connected to the cylinder, a normally closed valvefor controllin the admission of the mixture into the cyl1nder,-mechanismactuated by said rotary shaft for opening and closing said valve, anelectric circuit-maker and breaker controlling the aforesaid igniter,and a manually operated lever for rotating the latter, shaftandactuating the circuit-maker and'breaker, as set forth.

13. In an explosive engine, thecombination with the cylinder, piston,crank-shaft and exhaust-means,of astarting device comprising a suitablerotary shaft, a pair of mutilated gears for connecting said shaftsand'normally outof. mesh, and ope 'ative for moving the piston outwardto a predetermined position, a reservoir for storing fluid undercompression and connected to the cylinder, a normally closed valveoperative for admitting the fluid into the cylinder, a pinion fastenedto said rotary shaft. a rack engaging said pinion and opening andclosing said admission valve, and manually operated means for rotatingthe latter shaft, as set forth.

v14. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,crank-shaft, electric sparker, and exhaust-means, of a starting-devicecomprising a suitably supported supplemental shaft, a pair of muti latedgears secured to the respective shafts and normally out of mesh andoperative for moving the piston to a predetermined position, a chain andsprocket-mechanism for rotatin said supplemental shaft, and actuated y ahand lever, a reservoir for storing explosive mixture under compression,a passage leading from the reservoir to the cylinder, a normally-closedvalve in said passage for admitting the mixture into the cylinder andconsisting ,of a reciprocating rod provided With an aperture arranged toregister with the passage, a pinion secured to the supplemental shaft, arack attached to the said rod and engaging the pinion and reciprocatedthereby, and. an electric circuit maker and breaker actuated by theaforesaid lever and controlling the igniter, as set.-

forth.

15. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,crank-shaft, electric-sparker, and exhaust-means, of a starting-devicecom-prising a' suitably supported supplemental shaft operative forrotating the crank-shaft to move the piston to a predetermined positionand normally disconnected from said crank shaft, chain andsprocket-mechanism for rotating said supplemental shaft, a reservoir forstoring explosive mixture under compression, a pipe leading from thereservoir to the cylinder, a coupling in the pipe adjacent to thecylinder, a rod extending through said coupling and provided with anormally closed 'inletport arranged to register with the'pipe, arelief-passage extending lengthwise of the rod and arranged tocommunicate with the cylinder during the aforesaid movement of thepiston, a rack on said rod'and engaging a pinion on the supplementalshaft to reciprocate the rod for opening and closing said reliefpassage. means for oscillating the rod toopen and close the inlet-port,a manually operated lever actuating said chain and sprocket -mechanism.and an electric circuit-maker and breaker actuated by said lever andcontrolling the aforesaid sparker, as set forth.

16. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,crankshaft, igniter and exhaust-means. of a starting-device comprising asupplementalshaft. means transmitting rotary movement from the lattershaft to the crank-shaft to move the piston to a predetermined position,manually operated means for rotating said supplemental shaft, areservoir for storing explosive mixture under compression, a pipeleading from thereservoir to the cylinder, a coupling in said pipeadjacent to the cylinder, a longitudinally movable rod extending throughthe coupling and provided with a normally closed inlet-port arranged toregister with thepipe and with a longitudinal relief-passage arranged tocommunicate with the cylinder, a suitably supported guide sleeve for therod and provided With a longitudinal slot having inclined ends. a pinprojecting from the rod and movable in the slot and adapted to engagethe inclined ends thereof to oscillate the rod and thereby openandclose.the inlet port, a pinion secured to theaforesaid supplementalshaft, an annularly toothed rack engaging said pinion whereby the rod isreciprocated to open and close the reliefpassago and permitted tooscillate, and a suitably actuated electric circuit-maker and breakercontrolling the', aforesaid igniter, as set forth.

1.7. In an explosive-engine, the COlTllillIlfl tion with the cylinder,piston, crank-shaft, mixture intake-valve, exhaust-valve, igniter,

and auxiliary shaft, geared to the crankshaft and shiftablelongitudinally, main cams secured to said auxiliary shaft and operativefor opening said valves, of a starting-device comprising a suitablyjournaled supplemental shaft, a pair of mutilated gears secured to thecrank-shaft and supplementa-l shaft-v respectively and operative .formoving the piston to a predetermined .the auxiliary cam into said "tionwith a tons, igniters and suitably actuated exhaustvalves, of astarting-device comprising position, means for rotating saidsupplemental. shaft, an auxiliarly cam secured to the auxiliary shaftfor opening the exhaustvalve, a cam actuated by the supplemental shaftand shifting the cam-shaft in.one'direction to move the main cams out ofoperative position and simultaneously move position, another camoperative. for automatically shifting the cam-shaft in the oppositedirection to restore the main cams to their normal position, a reservoirfor storing explosive mixture under compression and connected to thecylinder, a valve. controlling thevdlscharge of mixture from thereservoir, mechanismactuated by the aforesaid supplementalshaft foroperating said valve, and a' suit ably actuated electric circuit-makerand breaker controlling the aforesaid igniter, as set forth. j

18. In an -explosive-engine,-the combinaplurality of cylinders, theirpismechanism for moving the pistons to apredetermined position and:including means-'- for automatically throwing. said mechanism out ofconnection with the engine, a reservoir for storing explosive-mixtureunder forth.

tion with a compression and connected tothe saidcylinders, normallyclosed valves operative for admitting the mixture into the respectivecylinders, mechanisms for actuating said valves, automatic regulatingmeans operative for determining the valve to be opened, and an electriccircuit-maker and breaker actuated by the piston-positioning mechanismfor controlling said igniters as set 19.I n anexplosive-engine, thecombinaplurality of opposed cylinders, their pistons, crank-shaft,suitably actuated exhaust-valves and electric-sparkers inthe cylinders,of a starting-device comprising a supplemental rotary shaft,meanstransmitting rotary movement pistons to a predetermined position,manu tion with a plurality their pistons, cranl shaft,electric-sparkers' and suitably actuated exhaust-valves, ofa spective'shafts and the pistons to substantially their outermost secured to thesupplemental shaft and from the latter shaft to the crank shaft formoving one of the.

starting-device comprlsing a supplemental I rotary shaft, mutilatedgears secured to therespective shafts and operative for' moving thepistons so as to set a pistonin a predetermined position, manuallyoperated mechanism ,imparting oscillatory movement to said supplementalshaft, a reservoir for storing explosive mixture under compression' andconnected to said cylinders, normally closed valves adjacent to therespective cylinders for controlling the admission of mixture thereinto,"mechanism actuatedby said supplemental closing said admission-valves,automatic shaft for opening and means regulating the action of saidmechanism whereby said valves are rendered inde-' pendently. operativeto cause the proper cylinder to be charged with said m xture, and asuitably actuated electric circuit-maker and breaker controlling thesaid sparkers, as

set forth.

21. In an explosive-enginefthe combination with two opposed cylinders,their pistons, crank-shaft, suitably actuated exhaust-valves, of astarting-device comprising a supplemental shaft, a pair of mutilatedgears secured to the reoperative for moving positions, chain andsprocket-mechanism imparting oscillatory movement to said supplementalshaft, a manually operated lever for actuating. said mechanism,areservoir for storing explosive. mixture under compression andconnected to the cylinders, nor-. mally closed valves adjacent to therespective cylinders for controlling the admission of mixture thereinto,a rack connected to said valves for actuating the same, a pinionengaging said rack, means controlled by the engine and acting upon therack and valve connections to render the vsilves'independently operableto cause the proper cylinder to becharged, and 'an electriccircuitvmaker and breaker actuated by the aforesaid lever andcontrolling :the'said sparkers, asset forth. i

electric-sparkers,- and 22' In an explosive-engine,'the combinationwith: two opposed cylinders, their pistons, crank-shaft,electric-sparkers, exhaustvalves, and cam-shafts actuating said valves,of a starting-device comprising asuitably supported oscillatory Isupplemental shaft, mutilated gears secured to the respective shafts andoperative for moving the pistons outward to Cpredetermined positions,manuallyoperate mechanism for oscillating said shaft, a reservoir forstoring explosive mixture under compression and connected to sald'cylinders, normally closed valves for admitting the mixture into therespective cy inders, a rack connected to said valves, a

' pin'on secured to the supplemental shaft and engagmg'said rach-andmeans operated by the aforesaid cam-shafts for regulating the action ofsaid rack tocause the same to open 7 and 'close the properadmission-valves, and

a suitablg actuated electric circuit-maker and brea e niter, as setforth.

23. In an'explosive-engine', the combination with two opposedcylinders,-their pis-" tons, crank-she electr1c-spark'ers, intake movingsaid pistons :to predetermined positions, a reservoir for storingexplosive mixture under compression, pipes conducting the miiture tosaid cylinders, a coupling n 3 each pipe adjacent to; the respectivecylin-.

ders, longitudinally movable rods extendirg through said couplings. andeach provid with an inlet valve, consisting of a" port arrangedtoregister with-the pipes and'with a longitudinal relief passage arrangedto communicate with the cylinder, lild6-8l6V6i ongitudina for saidrodsand provided with.

a slots having inclined ends, pinsprojecting from the'r'ods and movablem the slots and ada to engage the inclined ends thereof,

to a ow the rods to be reciprocated to open- ;and close therelief-passages and oscillated to open and close the intake-ports, anan- ;nularly toothed rack provided at one end with a sleeve, a' gearaxially in line with and.

rigidly connected to the rack andprovided with a sleeve extendin inopposite direction to'thatof the me sleeve, a rack engagingsaid gearmeans operated by one of the ilfQIfBSMdCQIIl-Shflft foractuatingthelatter rack to' impart voscillatory movement to tlie'ann'ularl toothedrack, lon

tudinal slots-"provide in the sleeves of ,t e

rack andgear and each'slot formed at on end with a notch-supplementalrods sliding in'said-sleeves and rigidly connected to the valve rods andprovided with pins traveling in said slots, said pins I rmitting freelongitudinal movement o .the gear and connected rack and adapted. toengagev the notches to impart reciprocatory movement to the valve rods,a pinion secured to the aforesaid supplemental shaft andimpartingreciprocatory movement to the annularly toothed rack, mechanismoscillating the latter shaft, a hand-leverfor operating said mechanism,and 'an electric circuit-maker and breaker actuated by the said leverand controlling the aforesaid sparkers, asset forth. fl

24. In an explosive engine, the combination with a cylinder, piston,crank shaft and automatic igniting devices, of a starting devicecomprising a suitably supported suppler controlling the aforesaid igtroll mental shaft, a pair-of mutilated gears secured to the respectiveshafts and normally but of mesh, mechanism including a handlever forturning the su plemental shaft to move the'piston to a pre eterminedposition,

and a separate ignition device controlled at will independently of thefirst named ignition device by the operation of the lever as set forth.

'25. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, pistonand crankshaft, of .a starting-device-comprising a supplemental shaft, amutilated gear secured to the crank-shaft, a smaller mutilated gearsecured tothe supplemental shaft and arran ed' to mesh with the firstmutilated geiir, sa formed spring-pressed initial tooth whereby smallergear having a separatelythe' latter is a lowed to yield to insuremeshw'iththe teeth of the'large'r gear, as set or han w 26.. In anexplosive-engine, the combination-with the cylinder," piston andcrankshaft, of a starting-device comprising a resconnected to; thecylinder, a valve interposed between the cylinder and reservoir foradengine toretain the piston immovable dur-. ingthe admission '0 thefluid, mechanism for o ating said valve, manually coned means foractuatmg said mechanisms, and means for releasing said brake as setforth;

27. In an explosive-engine, the combmation with a plurality ofcylinders, pistons, and crank-shaft, of a starting-device comprising areservoir for-storing fluid under pressure and connected to the clinders normall closed v'alvesoperative or admitting the uid into therespective cylinders, automatic means for determining the cylinder whosepiston is on the power-stroke or ervo'ir for storing fluid-underpressure and V cycle, whereby the corresponding valve is opened, abrake, and means for applying said brake to the engine while said valveis open and for. releasing the brake as set forth.

28. In anexplosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder, its pistonand crankshaft, of a starting-device comprising means for moving thepiston to a predetermined position, a reservoir for storing fluid underpressure, a pipe connecting the reservoir to said cylinder, a valve insaid pipe acting as a relief-valve durin the movement of the piston tosaid position, and serving to admit the fluid into the cylinder as setforth.

FRANK REYNOLDS. In 5.1

' Witnesses J. J. LAASS,

L. H. FULME'R. 1

Copies 01 this patent may be obtained for five cents'eaoh, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

gton, 10.0

